MIS308 Tree Pruning

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This book is one in a series of Minimum Industry Standards produced by Arboriculture Australia Ltd and the New Zealand Arboricultural Association in consultation with the national arboriculture community in both countries. These industry peer-reviewed documents provide a ‘body of knowledge’ which is shared by practitioners and can be used as the basis for training, dissemination of skills and professional development.
This document covers the work task of tree pruning, including a brief summary of the underpinning knowledge necessary to select and perform suitable pruning operations to achieve a variety of objectives. This document is not a ‘standalone’ document, and must be read in conjunction with other Minimum Industry Standards which describe safe arboricultural work practices.
Contents:
Pruning trees
Introduction to tree pruning
How to use this Minimum Industry Standard
1: Pruning considerations
Tree health considerations
The tree as a living organism
Tree species
Foliage retention: loss of photosynthetic material
Tree growth habits
Pruning impacts: physiological impacts
Compartmentalisation and barriers to decay
Occlusion
Age and health of tree
Pruning objectives by age class
Biosecurity and transmission of pathogens
Examples of transmissible tree diseases
Timing of pruning operations
Tree structural considerations
The tree as a biomechanical structure
Axiom of uniform stress
Thigmomorphogenesis
Strategy of flexibility
Foliage distribution
Foliage distribution: torsional failure
Foliage distribution: mass damping
Foliage distribution: interconnectedness and environmental exposure
Growth habit and structure
Branch and stem attachment
Strength of branch and stem unions
Co-dominant stems
Crossing or rubbing branches
Natural bracing
Epicormic shoots
Ecological considerations
The tree as a keystone structure
The ecological value of deadwood
Retention of habitat
2: Pruning operations
Pruning specifications
R: Reduction pruning
Crown reduction
T: Crown thinning
AC: Asset clearance
Asset clearance: vegetation management around electrical conductors
Vegetation management around utility infrastructure
C: Crown lifting
RA: Risk abatement pruning
Risk abatement pruning practices
D: Deadwood removal
Retaining deadwood in mature and veteran trees
WR: branch or stem weight reduction
Weight reduction: thinning
Weight reduction: reduction pruning
Pruning classes for weight reduction
Weight reduction pruning techniques
H: Remedial pruning
RT: Retrenchment pruning
Developing a retrenchment plan
Example retrenchment pruning plan: exotic species
Example retrenchment pruning plan: typical Australian species
F: Formative pruning
SP: Structural pruning
ER: Epiphyte / parasite and vine removal
P: Pollarding
PP: Palm pruning
Poor pruning practices
Lopping and topping
Flush cutting
Wound painting
3: Conducting pruning
Tree pruning permits and tree protection laws
Tools and equipment for tree pruning
Biosecurity measures
Clean On / Clean Off procedure
Tree access for pruning
Making pruning cuts
Bad working positions
Good working positions
Pruning cut sequence
Cut sequence and branch behaviour
Pruning cuts
Branch reduction cuts
Examples of incorrect branch reduction cuts
Stem reduction cuts
Branch removal cuts (living branches)
Branch removal cuts (deadwood)
Fracture pruning and coronet cuts
Fracture pruning
Fracture pruning techniques
Coronet cuts
Coronet cut techniques
Root pruning
Completing tree works
Processing debris
Completion of works
The care of trees